Bake-oven.



Patented Nov. 20, |900. W.. CLAUSS.

BAKE OVEN.

(Application filed May 25, 1900.)

2 Shets-Sheet l.

(No Model.)

InJJenZor V am MW www No. 662,22l.

Patented Nov. 20, |900. w. cLAuss. BAKE OVEN.

(Application filed my 25, 1900.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Fig. 7 1 s MM@ Mw MM,

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UNIT-En STATES PATENT 'EEICE WILLIAM CLAUss, OE CINCINNATI, OHIO, AssICNOR To THE sCIIALLER PATENT BAKE-OVEN COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BAKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 662,221, dated Novembe` 20, 1900.

Application filed May 25, 1900. serial No. 17,910. ING model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM CLAUss, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Cincinnati, in the County of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvelnents in Bake-O vens,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in bake-ovens, and has for its object to provide an oven of an improved and simple construction which shall be adapted for use in continuous baking and which shall be provided with means whereby the heat is imparted in a substantially uniform manner to all parts of the oven.

The invention consists in certain novel features of the Construction, Combination, and arrangement of the several parts of the improved bake-oven, whereby certain important advantages are attained and the Oven is 1made simpler, cheaper, and otherwise better adapted and more Convenient for use, all as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

The novel features of the invention will be Carefully defined in the Claims.

In the accompanying drawings,which Serve to illustrate myinvention, Figure l is a front elevation of theimproved bake-oven; and Fig. 2 is a side View of the same, showing the lire-door. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan taken through the oven in the plane indicated by the line a a in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 isa vertical section taken through the oven from front to rear in substantially the plane indicated by the line b b in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a verticalsection taken transversely through the oven in the plane indicated by the line c c in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a sectional plan similar to Fig. 3, but taken through v the baking-chamber of the oven in the plane indicated by the line d d in Fig. 1l. Fig. 7 is a sectional plan similar to Figs. 3 and 6, but takenthrough the smokechamber of the oven in substantially the plane indicated by the line e e in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a vertical section taken through the oven from front to rear in substantially the planeindicated byline ffin Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a vertical section taken transversely through the Oven in the planeindicated by line g gin Fig. 3. Fig. l0 is a sectional plan taken through the upper fines of the oven in the plane indicated by line 7?, 71, in Fig. 5. Fig. 1l is an enlarged partial section taken through the lire-box of the oven and showing the means for supplying air above the fire for assisting in the combustion of the fuel therein.

In the drawings, 1 indicates the exterior wall of the oven, usually formed of brickwork and having hollows or cavities 2, filled with a suitable non-cond ucting substancesuch, for example, as an asbestos composition-whereby the heatv is held within the Walls of the oven and the loss thereof by radiation is prevented as much as possible. By this means an economyin the use of fuel is attained, and also the bake-room is made much more comfortable, Since the baker is not exposed to heat from the oven, except when the door of the baking-chamber is opened. v

The oven is provided with a single fire-box 3, having an ash-pit 4 and arranged at the rear part of one side Wall of the oven, so as to keep the front of the oven as cool as possible. A flue 5 leads horizontally across the rear part of the oven from the fire-box 3, and this flue has communication with two parallel flues 7 7, separated by a partition 6 at the center of the oven and extending forward one at each side of the Oven center with their forward ends directed laterally in opposite directions, as shown at 9 9 in Figs. 3 and 9, and provided with doors l0, affording access to the fines for cleaning them when necessary. The laterally-bent forward ends 9 of the flnes 7 extend to the side walls of the oven, where they Connect with upwardly-extended flues l1, formed in said side walls and having their upper ends adapted for communication with Opposite sides of a smoke-chamber I2, whichl extends across substantially the entire interior of the Oven and is arranged withits floor inclined upwardly toward the rear of the oven, as shown in Figs. -l and 8. Doors l2fL at the front of the oven afford access to the smokechamber l2 to permit it to be cleaned when necessary.

At the rear of the oven the smoke-chamber connects with downflues 13 13 at opposite sides of the rear wall of the oven,being formed in the said walls. The lower ends of the downflues 13 connect with the rear ends of IOO 4 and 8, and adapted for communication with a chimney or other smoke-outlet.

Between the smoke chamber 12 and the lower parallel smoke-dues 7 7 and 14 14 is formed the baking-chamber 19, having an arched roof 2O and also arranged to extend across the entire interior of the oven, except at its forward part, where it is provided with front Walls which converge toward the door, as shown in Fig. 6. Its floor is covered with tiling 18, and the flues 14 and 17 are also covered or roofed over with similar tiling. The roof 2O of the bakingchamber is supported by arched channel-irons or I-beams 21 set at their endsl in the side walls of the oven and is formed 4of tiles 22 or the like having their edges engaged with the channels of the beams 21, as shown in Fig. 4. A layer of concrete is spread over the tiles, as shown at 23, in such a way as to close the joints of the tiles, and thus prevent the entry of gases from the smoke-chamber to the baking-chamber. The door and roof of the baking-chamber are inclined similarly to the smoke-chamber. The roof of the smoke-chamber is fiat and is supported on beams 24, extended from front to rear of the oven, and on these are laid transverse I-beams 25, which support tiles 26, similar to the tiles of the baking-chamber roof 20, and having over them a layer of concrete, as shown at 27, to prevent the escape of gases from the smoke-chamber to the bakeroom.

The spaces beneath the flues 7 and 14 and between said flues and the baking-chamber, smoke-chamber, and flue 17, as well as a space provided at the top of the oven above the flue 17, are filled with suitable substances-such as sand, gravel, and the like--adapted to receiv'e and retain or store the heat from the gases passed through the lines and smokechamber and to give off said heat gradually to the baking-chamber, so as to adapt the oven for baking in a continuous mannerl for a considerable time after the fire in the firebox 3 has been allowed to die out.

A door 28 at the front of the baking-chamber aifords access thereto, and a lamp 29 and pyrometer 30 are provided for illuminating the baking-chamber and for indicating the temperature thereof. At the back wall of the baking-cham ber is a flue or upwardly-extended passage 31, leading therefrom up above the smoke-chamber 12 and connecting at its upper end by Way of a flue or passage 32 with the cross-ii ue 17 leading to the chimney. A daniper 33 is provided, as shown in Fig. 10, being held on a rod 34, extending to the front of the oven and adapted to be manipulated to cut o or regulate the flow of air from the bakingchamber through the passages 31 and 32 to fine 17, and thereby to regulate the temperature at which the baking-chamber is held. Dampers 16 are also provided at the upper ends of the flues 16, as shown in Fig. 10, being arranged where the said flues connect with the cross-line 17, and said dampers are held on rods 1Gb, also extending to the front of the oven and adapted for movement in adjusting the dampers to cut oifeutirely or to regulate the passage of the gases through the dues 16 to the flue 17, leading to the chimney. A door or damper 35 is also provided in the front of the oven and communicating with the flue 17 to permit of Ventilating the bake-room by the aid of the draft up the chimney.

To permit of supplying steam tothe bak. ing-chamber, I provide at each side of the oven-front water-tanks 38, having pipes 39, provided with cocks and leading through the front wall of the oven into metallic boxes or casings 36, which have pipes 37, leading to the baking-chamber and adapted to discharge steam thereinto. The boxes or casings 36 form generators and are located at the tlues ll and receive heat therefrom to vaporize the water admitted to the generators by way of pipes 39. The intense heat imparted to the generators is such `that the Water is converted into highly-superheated steam, which being admitted without cooling to the baking-chamber gives the best possible results.

The fire-box preferably employed in con'- nection with the improved ovenis shown in Figs. 2 and 11, being provided with air-d ucts 40, arranged along opposite sides of its upper part. These ducts open, as seen in Fig. 2, at the outside of the oven-wall, where they are provided with dampers 41 to regulate the admission of air to them. The walls of the ducts, which form portions of `the side walls of the tire-box, are, as shown in Fig. 1l, provided with openings 42 to supply air to the lire-box from the ducts. By this means air is supplied to the fire-box above the burning fuel, so as to create a regenerative action and assist in the combustion of the fuel, andan important advantage is attained owing to the improved combustion and the ease with which the re may be controlled by means of the dampers 41.

In operation the gases and liames from the fire-box 3 are drawn into the iue 5and by the central partition 6 are divided, a part passing through each flue 7. To prevent `a greater part of the flames and gases entering the liue 7 nearest to the fire-box, the mouth of that flue is contracted, as shown at 8. The flames and gases pass through the fines 7 to the front of the oven, where they are deflected laterally and passed up through flues 11 into the smoke-chamber, Where they IOO IOS

IIO

are united and allowed to spread out through the entire chamber, so as to heat as much as possible the entire baking-chamber. At the rear part of the smoke-chamber the gases are again divided, a part thereof entering each downflue 13, from which it is discharged into the corresponding flue 14 and passes thence to the Hue 17 by way of the upflue 16. The door of the baking-chamber being inclined upward from front to rear, insures an even and uniform heating of said chamber from the flues 7, which by such inclination are caused to approach more closely to the said door as the flames and gases passing through them lose their heat. The inclination downward of tlie fines 14 from rear to front also serves to retard the passage of the gases through them, and thus to utilize a greater part of their heat for the baking process. When the oven has been sufficiently heated, the tire may be allowed to die out, the dampers 16a being closed to hold as much as possible of the heated gases in the oven-fines, after which the baking may proceed in a substantially continuous manner until the oven has again become cool.

The construction of the oven'with the flue arrangement herein set forth is especiallyuseful in bake-ovens, owing to the uniformity with which the heat is imparted to the baking-chamber and to the ease and convenience with which the oven may be managed, and it will also be obvious from the above description that the improved oven is capable of some modification without material departure from the principles and spirit of the invention, and for this reason I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise form and arrangement of the several parts of the device as herein set forth.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. An oven having a baking-chamber, a smoke-chamber above the baking-chamber, aiire-box and two pairs or sets of flues eX- tended beneath the baking-chamber, the

fines of one pair or set being arranged to receive the products of combustion from the fire-box and to discharge them into the smoke-chamber, and the fines of the other pair or set being arranged to receive the products of combustion from the smoke-chamber and to discharge them to a chimney, dampers controlling the last-named pair or set of 'lues, the oven being also provided with a passage leading from the baking-chamber and adapted for communication with a chim` ney, and a damper controlling said passage,- substantially as set forth.

2. An oven having a baking-chamber, a smoke-chamber above the baking-chamber,l a lire-box and two pairs or sets of i'lues extended beneath the bakingchamber, the flues of one set being arranged to receive the products of combustion from the fire-box and to discharge them into the forward part of the smoke-chamber and the dues of the other set having an inclination downward from rear to front of the oven and being arranged to receive the products of combustion from the rear part of the smoke-chamber and being adapted, at their forward ends, for communication with a smoke-outlet, substantially as set forth.

3. An oven having at its central part a baking-chamber and provided with a firebox, a smoke-chamber above the bakingchamber and parallel fines arranged in two sets below the baking-chamber, the dues of one set being arranged to receive the products of combustion from the tire box at their rear ends and having their forward ends extended laterally and upwardly past the sides of the baking-chamber and adapt-ed for communication with the smoke-chamber and the flues of the other set having their rear ends provided with upwardly-extended portions which pass up beyond the bakingchamber and are adapted to receive products of combustion from the smoke-chamber and having at their forward ends laterally and upwardly extended portions which pass up at opposite sides of the baking-chamber and are adapted for communication with a smoke-out*v let, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me at Cincinnati, Ohio, this 7th day of May, 1900.

WILLIAM CLAUSS.

Witnesses:

J os. T. PFEIFFER, G. K. CONNELLY. 

